Free Geometry Set II - 02 Practice Test - CAT
Question 1
Three balls of equal radius are placed such that they are touching each other. A fourth smaller ball is kept such that it touches the other three.Find the ratio of the radii of smaller to larger ball.
SOLUTION
Solution : A
Option (a)
Let the centers of the large balls be x, y, z and radius R.
O is the centre of the smaller ball and radius r...
x, y, z form an equilateral triangle with side equal to 2R.
O is the centroid of this triangle.
Therefore ox=oy=oz=R+r= 23(height of the triangle xyz)
Height=(√32)(2R) =√3R
Therefore R+r = 23(√3R) ⇒ rR = (2−√3)√3
Shortcut:- Using the approximation technique used in class, the radius of the bigger circle: smaller circle is close to 0.2.
Question 2
There is a ship which is moving away from an iceberg 150 m high, takes 2 mins to change the angle of elevation of the top of the iceberg from 60∘ to 45∘. What is the speed of the ship?
SOLUTION
Solution : C
In a 45-45-90 triangle, sides are in the ratio 1:1:√2
Thus OB= 150
In a 30-60-90 triangle, sides are in the ration 1:√3:2
Thus OA = 50√3
Distance travelled in 2 mins = AB = 150- 50√3= 63.4 m
speed = (63.42) × (601000) = 1.9 kmph
Question 3
Two rectangles, ¨ABCD and ¨PQRS overlap each other as shown in the figure below. Also, the overlapped area (shaded region) is 20% ¨ABCD and 33.8% of ¨PQRS. If the ratio of corresponding sides of the two rectangles is same is then ratio AD : PR equals
SOLUTION
Solution : D
option (d)
From the figure, 0.338xy = O.2ba ∴ ab = 1.69xy ..... (1)Also, since ¨ABCD and ¨PQRS are similar,ba−yx∴by−ax..... (2)From (1) and (2), we get ax = 1.69 xaa2 = 1.69x2 a = 1.3x ax= 1.3 answer = 1.3.
Question 4
A metal cuboid with sides in the ratio of 2:4:6 is melted to form small cubes of side 2 cm. If the sum of all the edges of the cuboid is 144 cm, then find the ratio of the total surface area of the cuboid to the total surface area of the cubes.
SOLUTION
Solution : C
Sides are in the ratio 2:4:6
Volume of cuboid= 2x .4x . 6x = 48 x3
Volume of cube= 2.2.2=8
Number of cubes= 6x3
Length of all edges of the cuboid= 144 =4(2x+4x+6x) ⇒ x=3cm
Ratio = 2[72+108+216]6(27) x 6 x 4
= 1154
Question 5
With no wastage, small cubes of side 3 inches are formed from a cuboid with the dimensions 2:3:9 are formed. Find the ratio of the body diagonal of the cuboid to that of all of the cubes.
SOLUTION
Solution : B
Number of cubes = 2a×3a×9a3×3×3 = 2a3
Diagonal of a cube = √4a2+9a2+81a2
Sum of the diagonals of cubes = 2a3 × 3√3
Ratio = √4a2+9a2+81a22a3×3√3
Question 6
Suresh is standing on vertex A of triangle ABC, with AB = 3, BC = 5, and CA = 4. Suresh walks according to the following plan: He moves along the altitude-to-the-hypotenuse until he reaches the hypotenuse. He has now cut the original triangle into two triangles; he now walks along the altitude to the hypotenuse of the larger one. He repeats this process forever. What is the total distance that Suresh walks?
SOLUTION
Solution : C
Let M be the end point of the altitude on the hypotenuse. Since, we are dealing with right angle
triangles, ΔMAC ~ ΔABC, so AM = 125. Let N be the endpoint he reaches on side AC. Δ
MAC ~ Δ NAM, So, MNAM =45. This means that each altitude that he walks gets shorter
by a factor of 45. The total distance is thus an infinite G.P. =[a1−r] = 12
Question 7
An isosceles right triangle is inscribed in a square. Its hypotenuse is a mid segment of the square. What is the ratio of the square’s area to the triangle’s area?
SOLUTION
Solution : C
Graphical Division: -
Assume the square to have a side 2a. Hence, area of square = 4a2
Using graphical division, we can divide the figure into 8 parts as follows. The triangle in question is the shaded part
Thus the triangle is 28th of the square area
Hence ratio = 1:4
Shortcut:- Assumption method. Assume a simple case as the isosceles triangle and square in this case. Just substitute and solve
Question 8
All five faces of a regular pyramid with a square base are found to be of the same area. The height of the pyramid is 3 cm. What is the minimum total area (integral) of all its surfaces?
SOLUTION
Solution : B
Altitude of the traingular faces = √a24+9
Area of faces =2 x a x √a24+9
The total surface area = area of base + lateral surface area
= a2 + 2 x a x √a24+9
Lets us put a=8 (smallest value whch will yield an integer area, Area = 64 + 2 × 8 × 5 =144)= 122
Question 9
In the quadrilateral ABCD, AD = DC = CB, and ADC = 100∘, ABC = 130∘. Then the measure of ACB is
SOLUTION
Solution : A
Ans. (a) A, B, C will lie on a circle with centre at D (as the angle subtended by the arc at the centre i.e. 260∘ is twice subtended at the circle i.e. 130∘)
In triangle DAC, ∠DAC = ∠DCA = 40∘.Let ∠ADB = 2x ⇒ ∠ACB = x, and let ∠BDC = ∠CBD = y ⇒ 2x+y = 100∘, and 2y+x = 140∘.
Hence (a) is the right answer
Question 10
Find the distance between the incentre and the circumcentre of a triangle with circumradius 6 and inradius 2?
SOLUTION
Solution : B
Use Eulers triangle theorem which states that the distance,d between the incentre and circumcentre of a trinagle is given by d2 = R(R-2r) where R = circum radius, r= inradius
d2 = R(R-2r) = 6(6 - 2 x 2) = 12
d=2√3
Question 11
Two travelers start walking from the same point at an angle of 1500 with each other at the rate of 4 kmph and 3 kmph. Find the distance between them after 2 hours
SOLUTION
Solution : C
option c
let OA and OB be the paths traveled by the two travelers in 2 hours. Let BCâÂ?´ AO at C. then ∠BOC= 180-150= 30∘
In right angled triangle OCB, BC= 62=3 KM and OC= 3√3 km
In right angled triangle ACB, AB2= AC2 + BC2 = (8+3√3)2+32= 100+48√3
AB= 2√25+12√3
Shortcut
√a2+b2−2abcosα; α is the angle between the paths a and b between the 2 people. √100+48 is the answer
Question 12
ΔABC is an equilateral triangle of side 14 cm. A semi circle on BC as diameter is drawn to meet AB at D, and AC at E. Find the area of the shaded region?
SOLUTION
Solution : B
Option (b)
O is the centre of the circle and the mid-point of BC. DO is parallel to AC. So, ∠DOB = 60°
Area of Δ BDO =34 * 49
Area of sector OBD = 496
Hence area of the shaded region
= 2[496 – 34*49]
= 49[13 – 32]
Shortcut
By graphical division, there are 3 equilateral triangles of areas of √34 * 49
Area of interest = (area of semi circle [r22] - area of three triangles) = (49*12 - 3*3*494)*(23) = 49*(13 – 32)
Question 13
Four identical circles are drawn taking the vertices of a square as centers. The circles are tangential to one another. Another circle is drawn so that it is tangential to all the circles and lies within the square. Find the ratio of the sum of the areas of the four circles lying within the square to that of the smaller circle?
SOLUTION
Solution : C
Let the radius of the identical circles be r. Hence, Areas of the four circles lying within the square = 4 x π x r24 = π x r2
Radius of the smaller circle = (diagonal of square−2r)2 = (2√2r−2r)2 = r (√2-1)
Required ratio = πxr2πx[x2(√2−1)2] = 1(√2−1)2
Shortcut : Lateral Thinking
The question is basically the ratio areas of larger to smaller circle because sum of areas within the square of the 4 circles add up to a full large circle.
Approximately compare the radii of small and large circles; the ratio is nearly 3.5/1, square of which is approx. 6/1. Only option c) works. This is a good approach which can be used for a lot of geometry questions.
Question 14
All sides of a regular pentagon are extended to form a star with vertices P,Q,R,S,T. What is the sum of the angles made at the vertices?
SOLUTION
Solution :
Interior angle = [(2n-4)x90]/n = 108
2x= 360-(108x2) = 144
angle P = 180-144= 36
Total = 36x5= 180
Useful to remember: Sum of angles in a star= 180∘
Shortcut: Clearly the star point trisects the angle in a pentagon. Hence each angle = 108/3 = 36.
Sum of angles = 36*5 = 180
Alternatively: Sum of angles of a n point star = (n – 4) x 180∘ , where n = number of sides of a polygon.
Here, n = 5. Sum of angles of a n point star = (5 – 4) x 180∘ = 180∘.
Question 15
In the figure given below, ABOP is a rectangle and O is the centre of the circle. It is also given that AB = BC and the measure of the angle ABC is 60∘. Find
the measure of the angle OPN.
SOLUTION
Solution : B
AB = BC and ∠ABC=60°. Therefore, ΔABC is an equilateral triangle
Now see that ABOP is a rectangle.
And ∠BAN=60°, Therefore, ∠NAP=90∘ − 60∘ = 30∘
And ∠ANP =12 * 90 = 45∘
Now in ΔANP,
∠NPA=180∘−45∘−30∘=105∘
And hence ∠NPO = ∠NPA - ∠OPA = 105∘ - 90∘ = 15∘
Shortcut
ABC is an equilateral triangle and ABM is a 30 – 60 -90 triangle (M being the point of intersection of AN and the circle). OMN is also 30∘. MOP = 90∘, and MNP = 45∘; MPO = PMO = 45∘. NPO = 180∘ – 75∘ – 45∘ – 45∘ = 15∘