Free Nutrition in Animals Subjective Test 01 Practice Test - 7th grade 

Question 1

What is the function of bile duct?  [1 MARK]
 

SOLUTION

Solution :

The bile duct allows passage of bile juices from the liver and the gall bladder to the duodenum.

Question 2

What is the full form of ORS? What is it used for? [2 MARKS]

SOLUTION

Solution :

Full form: 1 Mark
Use: 1 Mark

The full form of ORS is Oral Rehydration Solution.
This solution is used to prevent or treat dehydration as a part of oral rehydration therapy(ORT).

Question 3

What is the use of saliva? Where is it produced? [2 MARKS]

SOLUTION

Solution : Use: 1 Mark
Location: 1 Mark

Saliva helps in breaking down complex components like starch into simple sugars. It brings about partial digestion of starch. This makes it easier for the body to digest the food.
Saliva also helps in lubrication of food.

Saliva is secreted by the salivary glands which are present in the buccal cavity.

Question 4

What are ruminants? Give examples. [2 MARKS]

SOLUTION

Solution : Definition: 1 Mark
Examples: 1 Mark

Ruminants are hoof-legged grass-eating animals that stand on four limbs. They quickly swallow their leafy food and store it in the rumen. Later, the food returns to the mouth and the animal chews on it.

Ruminants include cows, buffaloes, sheep, giraffe, camel, deer, etc.

Question 5

Name any two types of teeth. What is the use of teeth? [2 MARKS]

SOLUTION

Solution : Types: 1 Mark
Use: 1 Mark

Types of teeth: 
(Any two)
1. Incisors
2. Canines
3. Premolars
4. Molars

Use:
Teeth help in mastication. Mastication is when food is broken into small pieces by biting, grinding and crushing with the teeth while being mixed with saliva. This is done so that digestion becomes easier.

Question 6

How is the dentition of a ruminant different from that of a human? [3 MARKS]
 

SOLUTION

Solution : Differences: 1 Mark each

The dentition of ruminants or grass-eating animals is different from humans in the following ways: 

1. Incisors are absent on the upper jaw of ruminants, while humans have incisors. 
2. Ruminants do not have canines, while humans have canines in both the jaws.
3. Ruminant molars are much stronger than human molars as these animals chew the cud.

Question 7

Write a short note on the stomach. [3 MARKS]

SOLUTION

Solution : Structure: 1 Mark
Location: 1 Mark
Function: 1 Mark

Stomach is a muscular J shaped thick walled bag. It receives food from the oesophagus and opens into the small intestine. It is the widest part of the alimentary canal. It churns the food to mix the digestive juices. Mainly protein is digested in the stomach. It also secretes HCl that kills microbes and activates the enzymes.
 

Question 8

Write a short note on mechanical digestion and chemical digestion. Name the location where both the types take place. [3 MARKS]

SOLUTION

Solution :

Digestion: 1 Mark each
Location: 0.5 Mark each

Mechanical digestion: It involves mastication (chewing, mashing, and breaking) of food into smaller pieces. It happens in the mouth, where teeth cuts and grinds the food. Saliva helps in bolus formation.
Chemical digestion: It involves changing food into smaller particles through the action of enzymes. It involves the breakdown of the larger molecules by hydrolysis. Chemical digestion happens throughout the digestive system starting from the action of saliva in mouth.

Question 9

Write a short note on the small intestine. [3 MARKS]

SOLUTION

Solution : Small intestine: 1 Mark each

Any three:
1. The small intestine is the longest part of the digestive system. It is 7 meters long.
2. It consists of 3 parts - duodenum, jejunum, and ileum.
3. Digestion of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats take place here.
4. The small intestine has finger-like projections called villi to increase the surface area for absorption.

Question 10

Write a short note on large intestine.  [3 MARKS]
 

SOLUTION

Solution : Each point: 1 Mark

1. The digested food enters the large intestine after the small intestine.
2. It is wider and shorter than the small intestine. It is 1.5 meters long.
3. Excess water, minerals, and vitamins are absorbed here. Semi-solid undigested food is thrown out from rectum through the anus.

Question 11

Write a short note on oesophagus. [3 MARKS]

SOLUTION

Solution : Each point: 1 Mark

1. It is a tube like structure connecting the mouth and stomach. It is 30 cm long.
2. It has powerful muscles which gently push the food down to stomach. This rhythmic movement is called peristalsis.
3. No digestion takes place in oesophagus.

Question 12

Name the parts of the alimentary canal. [3 MARKS]

SOLUTION

Solution : Each part: 0.5 Mark

The alimentary canal can be divided into various compartments:- 
1. Buccal cavity (Mouth)
2. Oesophagus
3. Stomach
4. Small intestine
5. Large intestine
6. Anus

Question 13

Explain the functions of the following organs in the human body. [5 MARKS]
1. Tongue
2. Gallbladder
3. Small intestine
4. Villi
5. Teeth

SOLUTION

Solution :

Functions: 1 Mark each

1. The tongue is the part that mixes saliva with the food while chewing and helps in swallowing food. It has taste buds on its surface which help in detection of taste.
2. The gallbladder is the organ which stores bile. Bile is required for the breakdown of fats.
3. The small intestine is the longest part of the alimentary canal, most of the digestion and absorption of food takes place here.
4. Villi present in the small intestine increase the overall surface area for absorption.
5. Teeth help in chewing the food and breaking it down mechanically into small pieces.

Question 14

Label the parts and mention their functions. [5 MARKS]

SOLUTION

Solution :

Functions: 1 Mark each

1 - Salivary Glands 
The function of the salivary glands is to produce saliva that start digestion of food in the mouth and also to lubricate the food while swallowing.

2 - Liver
The liver is the gland that secretes bile. Bile provides an alkaline environment for many enzymes to get activated and plays an important role in the emulsification of fats. 

3 - Duodenum
The duodenum is the first part of the small intestine. It receives the pancreatic juice and the bile juice and also secretes intestinal juice and is the main site for chemical digestion.

4 - Stomach
The stomach secretes digestive fluids that break down the food. It also churns the food into a milky acidic paste called chyme.

5 - Pancreas
The pancreas secretes the pancreatic juice that helps to digest carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. The pancreatic juice converts carbohydrates into simple sugars and glucose, proteins into amino acids, and the lipids into fatty acids and glycerol.

Question 15

Explain in detail about digestion of food in the mouth.
[5 MARKS]

SOLUTION

Solution :

Digestion in the mouth: 1 Mark each

1. Chewing food accomplishes the chemical, as well as the physical breakdown of food.
2. There are three sets of salivary glands in humans: parotid (just below the ear), submandibular (below the lower jaw), and sublingual (below the tongue).
3. These glands produce saliva, which passes down a short duct into the oral cavity. Saliva is a fluid which is rich in ions and contains amylase.
4. This digestion of starch starts with the action of saliva. It also wets and lubricates the food particles.
5. It helps in killing the bacteria that accidentally enter along with the food.

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