Free Objective Test 01 Practice Test - 11th and 12th 

Question 1

Identify I, II, III in the following image: 

A. I - Vesicle with neurotransmitters, II - Synaptic cleft, III - Postsynaptic receptor
B. I - Vesicle with calcium ions, II - Extracellular fluid, III - Postsynaptic ion receptor
C. I - Vesicle with macromolecules, II - Synaptic space, III - Postsynaptic receptor 
D. I - Vesicles, II - Extracellular fluid, III - Postsynaptic ion receptor

SOLUTION

Solution : A

The brain consists of millions of neurons. Neurons communicate with each other at junctions called synapses. The neuron prior to the synapse is termed presynaptic neuron and the one subsequent to it is called the postsynaptic neuron. The end of the presynaptic neuron bears a swelling known as a synaptic knob. The synaptic knob has vesicles which contain chemicals called neurotransmitters. When an impulse arrives at the synaptic knob, the vesicles release neurotransmitters in the synaptic cleft. Here, the released neurotransmiiters bind to the receptors located at the postsynaptic neuron and transmit a signal. 

Question 2

Select the right option with respect to the given image of HIV.

A. I - HIV envelope, II - RNA, III - Capsid, IV - Surface protein, V - Viral enzymes
B. I - Capsid, II - RNA, III - HIV envelope, IV -  Viral enzymes, V - Surface protein
C. I - Surface protein, II - RNA, III - Capsid, IV - HIV envelope, V - Viral enzymes
D. I - HIV envelope, II - Viral enzymes, III - Capsid, IV - Surface protein, V - RNA

SOLUTION

Solution : A

Human immunodeficiency virus or HIV is a member of a group of viruses called retrovirus, which have a spherical outer surface called envelope. On the surface of the envelope contains spike-like glycoproteins called surface proteins. Inside the envelope is a bullet-shaped core called capsid. Capsid along with the HIV genetic material (RNA) also houses different enzymes that carry steps out in the HIV life cycle.

Question 3

State whether true or false:
Major Histocompatibility Complex or MHC is present on every individual cell of the body.

A.

True

B.

False

SOLUTION

Solution : A

MHC is a cluster of proteins that are displayed by all the cells in the body. Cellular proteins are continuously degraded and presented along with MHC on the cell surface for self and non-self recognition.

Question 4

State whether true or false:
A parasite can have multiple hosts.

A. True
B. False

SOLUTION

Solution : A

For the completion of their life cycle, some parasites require more than just the host. For example, tapeworm completes its life cycle in humans and cows/pigs. In humans which is the definitive host, it multiplies and causes the symptoms. In cows and pigs (the reservoir host), it just resides and does not show any ill effects.

Question 5

Anaphylaxis is

A. A common cause of nasal allergies
B. A treatment for hives
C. A dangerous allergic reaction
D. An antibiotic reaction

SOLUTION

Solution : C

Anaphylaxis is a severe allergic reaction which can also become deadly on exposure to an allergen. It could be insect sting, food, medicine, insect bites, etc.
The symptoms can include
  • A swollen throat
  • Trouble swallowing and breathing
  • A sudden drop in blood pressure
  • Dizziness
  • Loss of consciousnes
  • Facial swelling

Question 6

Which of the following are true about antigens?

A.

Antigen is any substance that can induce an immune response

B.

Antigen can induce the production of antibodies

C.

Only pathogens like bacteria and virus are antigens

D.

Antigen is a protein expressed by bacteria or virus on their cell surface

SOLUTION

Solution : A, B, and D

An antigen is any substance that causes your immune system to produce antibodies against it. This means your immune system does not recognize the substance, and is trying to fight it off. Usually an antigen is a molecule, perhaps on the cell surface of a bacterium or virus.

Question 7

Which of the following is an anti-cancer drug?

A.

Aspirin

B.

Streptomycin    

C.

Vincristine

D.

Reserpine

SOLUTION

Solution : C

Vincristine is an anti-cancer drug obtained from the plant Catharanthus roseus. It is used for treating a number of different types of cancers like acute myeloid leukemia, Hodgkin's disease, etc.

Question 8

A metastatic cancerous tissue is termed ‘sarcoma’ if the disorder is in:

A.

Fibroblasts

B.

Epithelial cells

C.

Circulatory system

D.

Immune system

SOLUTION

Solution : A

Sarcoma is a cancer of the connective tissue or non-epithelial tissues. Fibroblasts are cells in the connective tissues, and produce collagen and other fibres.

Question 9

A patient is found to have a form of diabetes in which his immune system is destroying his pancreatic islet cells. This is a type of

A.

Autoimmune disorder

B.

Diabetes mellitus type II

C.

AIDS

D.

Multiple myeloma

SOLUTION

Solution : A

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a chronic medical condition that occurs when the pancreas, an organ in the abdomen, produces very little or no insulin. Type 1 diabetes usually develops when the immune system destroys the insulin-producing cells (called the beta cells) in the pancreas. This is called an autoimmune response. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is caused mainly by genetic factors and due to certain kinds of lifestyle. AIDS or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is a sexually transmitted disease caused by the human immunodeficiency virus. Multiple myeloma is a cancer of plasma cells. 

Question 10

Which of the following factors can directly affect health?

A.

Genetic disorders

B.

Lifestyle

C.

Infectious diseases            

D.

Temperature

SOLUTION

Solution : A, B, and C

Health is affected by genetic disorders which a child inherits from his/her parents by birth, infections which he/she is exposed to during the lifetime, and even by the lifestyle that he/she follows. Lifestyle includes diet, exercise and other routine habits.
 

Question 11

Label the parts from A - F in the given diagram


A. A - Valves, B - Capsule, C - Efferent vessel, D - Immune cells, E - Cortex, F - Afferent vessel
B. A - Valves, B - Capsule, C - Afferent vessel, D - Immune cells, E - Cortex, F - Efferent vessel
C. A - Valves, B - Capsule, C - Efferent vessel, D - Cortex, E - Immune cells, F - Afferent vessel
D. A - Valves, B - Capsule, C - Efferent vessel, D - Immune cells, E - Medulla, F - Afferent vessel

SOLUTION

Solution : A

Lymph nodes are very important parts of the immune system, harbouring many immune cells that clear pathogens which drain in along with the lymph. The outermost covering of the lymph node is a tough layer called the capsule. The capsule has extensions which divide the cortex into many compartments. There are many afferent vessels that bring lymph into the lymph nodes. Valves present in the afferent vessels prevent lymph from flowing back. As the lymph reaches the lymph nodes carrying pathogens and cell debri, they are cleared by macrophages and other immune cells present in the lymph node. The lymph, free of all pathogens, is returned to circulation via the efferent lymph vessel.

Question 12

Match the causative organisms with their diseases:
Column IColumn IIA. Haemophilus influenzae1. Malignant malariaB. Entamoeba histolytica2. ElephantiasisC. Plasmodium falciparum3. PneumoniaD. Wuchereria bancrofti4. TyphoidE. Salmonella typhi5. Amoebiasis           

A. A - 1, B - 5, C - 3, D - 2, E - 4 
B. A - 3, B - 5, C - 1, D - 2, E - 4 
C. A - 1, B - 3, C - 2, D - 5, E - 4 
D. A - 1, B - 3, C - 5, D - 2, E - 4 

SOLUTION

Solution : B

Bacteria like Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophlius influenzae are responsible for the disease pneumonia. Entamoeba histolytica is a protozoan parasite in the large intestine of humans which causes amoebiasis. Plasmodium falciparum causes malignant malaria. Wuchereria bancrofti causes filariasis or elephantiasis. Salmonella typhi is a pathogenic bacterium, which causes typhoid fever in humans.

Question 13

Short lived immunity obtained by foetuses/infants from mother through placenta and milk is
 

A. Passive immunity
B. Active immunity
C. Cellular immunity
D. Innate nonspecific immunity

SOLUTION

Solution : A

In case of passive immunity, antibodies generated in one person are transferred to another individual, making the recipient immune to a disease he has never encountered. Transfer of antibodies that occurs from mother to foetus via the placenta is an example of natural passive immunity. Mother’s milk contains colostrum, a yellowish secretion, that contains antibodies against pathogens that the mother has been exposed to. Since these are transferred to the baby, this kind of immunity is termed as ‘passive immunity’.

Question 14

Treatment of snakebite by antivenom is

A. Artificially acquired active immunity           
B. Artificially acquired passive immunity
C. Natural acquired passive immunity
D. Special natural immunity

SOLUTION

Solution : B

Passive immunity can be induced artificially when preformed antibodies are given as medication to non-immune individuals. Passive immunization is quick acting and can provide an immune response within hours, faster than a typical vaccine. In case of snakebites, the antivenom administered to the patient contains preformed antibodies against the snake venom. So, treatment of snakebite with antisnake venom is artificially acquired passive immunity.

Question 15

Diacetyl morphine is

A. Morphine
B. Heroin
C. Cocaine
D. Hashish

SOLUTION

Solution : B

Heroin, commonly called smack, is chemically diacetyl morphine which is a white, odourless, bitter crystalline compound. This is obtained by acetylation of morphine.
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